Advances in Industrial Engineering

Advances in Industrial Engineering

Managing Electric Vehicle Charging Networks: Cooperative Servicing Utilizing Mobile Charging Stations

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Sasan Kazazi 1
Donya Rahmani 2
Mahdi Bashiri 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
10.22059/aie.2024.384156.1922
Abstract
At present, electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as a viable alternative to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, primarily due to their superior environmental sustainability, particularly regarding carbon emissions, and their cost-effectiveness attributed to lower energy consumption. Consequently, the market share of electric vehicles has witnessed substantial growth in recent years, which has in turn heightened the demand for charging infrastructure. Conversely, the rising number of electric vehicles necessitating recharging-especially during peak demand periods-poses challenges such as prolonged waiting times at public charging stations and increased strain on the power distribution network. To address these issues and enhance network efficiency, the concept of Mobile Charging Stations (MCS) has emerged, offering flexible charging solutions in terms of both time and location. This paper introduces an innovative approach for the allocation and deployment of MCSs in areas with high demand, aimed at alleviating the burden on public charging stations. A mathematical model grounded in the Location-or-Routing Problem (LoRP) has been formulated, employing various truck-based and van-based mobile charging stations to collaboratively service demand points near public charging facilities. This strategy seeks to attain various achievements, including the reduction of network load and waiting times at charging stations while simultaneously expanding coverage to improve customer satisfaction. Based on conducted experiments, a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the proposed model demonstrate that the LoRP significantly outperforms traditional models in terms of both coverage and cost efficiency.
Keywords
Charging Networks
Cooperative Servicing
Electric Vehicles
Location-or-Routing Problem
Mobile Charging Stations
Service Planning
Subjects
  1. IEA, ‘’Global EV Outlook 2024’’, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2024, Licence: CC BY 4.0.2024.
  2. M. E. Kabir, I. Sorkhoh, B. Moussa and C. Assi. ‘’Routing and Scheduling of Mobile EV Chargers for Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Energy Transfer,’’ 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Montreal, QC, Canada, (2020), pp. 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/pesgm41954.2020.9281674.
  3. Beyazıt, M. A., & Taşcıkaraoğlu, A. ‘’Electric vehicle charging through mobile charging station deployment in coupled distribution and transportation networks.’’ Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, Vol.35,No.1, (2023), 101102. DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2023.101102.
  4. Afshar, S., Macedo, P., Mohamed, F., & Disfani, V. ‘’Mobile charging stations for electric vehicles—A review.’’ Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol.152, No.1, (2021), 111654. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111654.
  5. Atmaja, T. D. ‘’Energy storage system using battery and ultracapacitor on mobile charging station for electric vehicle.’’ Energy Procedia, Vol.68, No.1, (2015), 429-437. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.274.
  6. Atmaja, T. D., & Mirdanies, M. ‘’Electric vehicle mobile charging station dispatch algorithm.’’ Energy Procedia, Vol.68, No.1, (2015), 326-335. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.263.
  7. Shun-Neng,Y, Hsiao-Wei,W, C. -H. Gan and Y. -B. Lin, ‘’Mobile Charging Station service in smart grid networks’’ 2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), Tainan, Taiwan, (2012), pp. 412-417. DOI: 10.1109/smartgridcomm.2012.6486019.
  8. Li, H., Son, D., & Jeong, B. ‘’Electric vehicle charging scheduling with mobile charging stations.’’ Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.434, No.1, (2024), 140162. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140162.
  9. Mehrez, A., Stern, H. I., & Ronen, D. ‘’Vehicle fleet refueling strategies to maximize operational range’’ Naval research logistics quarterly, Vol.30, No.2, (2012), 319-342. DOI: 10.1002/nav.3800300213.
  10. Yuan, Y., & Mehrez, A. ‘’Refueling strategies to maximize the operational range of a nonidentical vehicle fleet’’ European journal of operational research, Vol.83, No.1, (2013), 167-181. DOI: 10.1016/0377-2217(94)E0330-E.
  11. Hosseini, M., & MirHassani, S. A. ‘’Refueling-station location problem under uncertainty’’ Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol.84, No.1, (2015), 101-116. DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2015.10.009.
  12. Bélanger, V., Lanzarone, E., Nicoletta, V., Ruiz, A., & Soriano, P. ‘’A recursive simulation-optimization framework for the ambulance location and dispatching problem’’ European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.286, No.2, (2020), 713-725. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2020.03.041.
  13. Wang, Y., & Szeto, W. Y. ‘’The dynamic bike repositioning problem with battery electric vehicles and multiple charging technologies‘’ Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol.131, No.1, (2021), 103327. DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2021.103327.
  14. Yaghoubi, S., Nahofti Kohne, J., Khosrojerdi, A., & Mohamadi, A. ‘’Location and allocation of a distribution system considering disruption in mobile warehouses and backup facilities’’ Advances in Industrial Engineering, Vol.50, No.1, (2016), 147-164. DOI: 10.22059/jieng.2016.59439.
  15. Chauhan, V, Arobinda G. ‘’Scheduling mobile charging stations for electric vehicle charging.’’ In 2018 14th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), IEEE, (2018), pp. 131-136. DOI: 10.1109/wimob.2018.8589146.
  16. Bélanger, V, Ettore,L, Vittorio,N, Angel Ruiz, and Patrick Soriano. ‘’A recursive simulation-optimization framework for the ambulance location and dispatching problem.’’ European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.286, No.2, (2020), 713-725. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2020.03.041.
  17. Delkhosh, M., Saadat Foumani, M., & Lashgarian Azad, N. ‘’A New Framework for Advancement of Power Management Strategies in Hybrid Electric Vehicles.’’ Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, Vol.33, No.3, (2020), 468-476. DOI: 10.5829/ije.2020.33.03C.11.

18  Tang, P, Fang H, Xi L, Meng L. ‘’Online-to-offline mobile charging system for electric vehicles: Strategic planning and online operation.’’ Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol.87, No.1, (2020), 102522. DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102522.

  1. Mahdavi, M. H., & Ramezanian, R. ‘’Integrated production and distribution scheduling in mobile facilities.’’ Advances in Industrial Engineering, Vol.55, No.1, (2021), 115-132. DOI: 10.22059/jieng.2021.326964.1790.
  2. Dibene, J, Carlos, Y, Maldonado, Carlos V, Mauricio de O, Leonardo T, and Oliver S. ‘’Optimizing the location of ambulances in Tijuana, Mexico.’’ Computers in biology and medicine, Vol.80, No.1, (2021), 107-115. DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.11.016.
  3. Moghaddam, V, Iftekhar A, Daryoush H, and Mohammad AS M. ‘’Dispatch management of portable charging stations in electric vehicle networks.’’ eTransportation, Vol.8, No.1, (2021), 100112. DOI: 10.1016/j.etran.2021.100112.
  4. Mohammadbagher, A., & Torabi, S. A. ‘’Multi-objective vehicle routing problem for a mixed fleet of electric and conventional vehicles with time windows and recharging stations.’’ Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 35, No.12, (2022), 2359-2369. DOI: 10.5829/ije.2022.35.12C.12.
  5. Li, Z, Wenhu T, Xianglong L, Xingyu C, Wenhao Z, and Tong Q. ‘’A resilience-oriented two-stage recovery method for power distribution system considering transportation network.’’ International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol.135, No.1, (2022), 107497. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107497.
  6. Gheidar-Kheljani, J., & Nasiri, M. M. ‘’A Deep Learning Method for Road Extraction in Disaster Management to Increase the Efficiency of Health Services.’’ Advances in Industrial Engineering, Vol.58, No.1, (2024), 1-12. DOI: 10.22059/aie.2024.367277.1880.
  7. Gorgani Firouzjah, K., Fattahi Bandpey, M., & Ghasemi, J. ‘’A Scheduling Algorithm for Optimizing Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in Parking Lots.’’ International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 37, No.11, (2024), 2239-2255. DOI: 10.5829/ije.2024.37.11B.10.
  8. Kazazi, S. Rahmani, D. Bashiri, M. ‘’ Managing Electric Vehicle Charging Networks Utilizing LoRP.’’ 10th International Conference on Industrial & System Engineering, Mashhad, Iran, (2024), pp. 975-984.
  9. Bagheri Tofighi, A., Gorji, F., Deravi, A., & HassanNayebi, E. ‘’Solving MDVRP Using Two-Step Clustering: A Case Study of Pharmaceutical Distribution in Tehran.’’ Advances in Industrial Engineering, Vol.58, No.1, (2024), 85-102. DOI: 10.22059/aie.2024.363992.1879.
  10. Arslan, O. ‘’The location-or-routing problem.’’ Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Vol.147, No.1, (2021), 1-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2021.02.010.
  11. Haghi, M., Arslan, O., & Laporte, G. ‘’A location-or-routing problem with partial and decaying coverage.’’ Computers & Operations Research, Vol.149, No.1, (2023), 106041. DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2022.106041.
Advances in Industrial Engineering
Volume 59, Issue 1
June 2025
Pages 199-214